The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

4,4' - Bipyridinium, 1,1' - dimethyl - , dichloride

RTECS #: DW2275000

CAS #: 1910-42-5

UPDATE: September 2000 MW: 257.18 MF: C12H14N2•2Cl


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. AH 501
  2. Bipyridinium, 1,1' - dimethyl - 4,4' - , dichloride
  3. Cekuquat
  4. Crisquat
  5. Dextrone
  6. Dextrone - X
  7. Dexuron
  8. N,N' - Dimethyl - 4,4' - bipyridinium dichloride
  9. 1,1' - Dimethyl - 4,4' - bipyridynium dichloride
  10. 1,1' - Dimethyl - 4,4' - dipyridinium - dichlorid (German)
  11. 4,4' - Dimethyldipyridyl dichloride
  12. Dimethyl viologen chloride
  13. Dwuchlorek 1,1' - dwumetylo - 4,4' - dwupirydyniowy (Polish)
  14. Esgram
  15. Galokson
  16. Goldquat 276
  17. Gramixel
  18. Gramoxon
  19. Gramoxone
  20. Gramoxone D
  21. Gramoxone dichloride
  1. Gramoxone S
  2. Gramoxone W
  3. Gramuron
  4. Herbaxon
  5. Herboxone
  6. Methylviologen
  7. Methyl viologen dichloride
  8. Methyl viologen (reduced)
  9. OK 622
  10. Ortho paraquat CL
  11. Parakwat (Polish)
  12. Paraquat (OSHA)
  13. Paraquat chloride
  14. Paraquat CL
  15. Paraquat, dichloride
  16. Pathclear
  17. Pillarquat
  18. Pillarxone
  19. Toxer total
  20. Viologen, methyl -


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
rabbit 		25 mg mild BJIMAG 23,126,1966
eye
rabbit 		12,500 µg severe BECTA6 9,163,1973


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 20 µmol/L TIVIEQ 3,53,1989
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 100 mg/L MUREAV 188,241,1987
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 7,715 mg/L MUREAV 319,89,1993
DNA damage human lymphocyte 250 mg/L MUREAV 344,41,1995
DNA damage rat lung 1 µmol/L CRNGDP 19,809,1998
DNA inhibition human lymphocyte 900 mg/L ARTODN 45,101,1980
DNA inhibition rat other cell types 900 mg/L ARTODN 45,101,1980
DNA inhibition oral
rat 		126 mg/kg FCTXAV 13,47,1975
DNA repair Salmonella typhimurium 100 µg/plate MUREAV 68,183,1979
unscheduled DNA synthesis human fibroblast 20 mg/L MUREAV 68,183,1979
unscheduled DNA synthesis human other cell types 20 mg/L MUREAV 68,183,1979
mutation in microorganisms Aspergillus nidulans 400 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 68,183,1979
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 2 gm/L (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 163,15,1986
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 1,000 ppm (-enzymatic activation step) IJEBA6 11,114,1973
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 2,500 ng/plate (+enzymatic activation step) TOLED5 3,169,1979
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 20 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) ABCHA6 45,327,1981
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 12,859 mg/L (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 319,89,1993
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Saccharomyes cerevisiae 100 ppm MUREAV 21,83,1973
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 60 mg/L EMMUEG 12,85,1988
other mutation test systems chicken liver 50 mg/L EJTXAZ 8,226,1975
other mutation test systems oral
rat 		126 mg/kg FCTXAV 13,47,1975
other mutation test systems Salmonella typhimurium 1 gm/L MUREAV 192,239,1987
phage inhibition capacity Escherichia coli 2,090 mmol/L MUREAV 267,1,1992
sister chromatid exchange hamster fibroblast 1 mmol/L PAACA3 25,110,1984
sister chromatid exchange hamster lung 80 nmol/L TIVIEQ 3,53,1989
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 100 mg/L MUREAV 188,311,1987
sister chromatid exchange rat other cell types 1,250 µg/L MUREAV 188,311,1987
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction Aspergillus nidulans 20 gm/L MUREAV 68,183,1979
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		1,929 mg/L MUREAV 319,89,1993
specific locus test oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		2 mmol/L MUREAV 280,291,1992
specific locus test multiple
Drosophila melanogaster 		4 mmol/L MUREAV 440,139,1999


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 30,150 µg/kg (8-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) TXAPA9 33,450,1975
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6,500 µg/kg (6 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 26UZAB 6,257,1968/1970
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,163 gm/kg (multigeneration) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) AECTCV 16,759,1987
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,785 gm/kg (multigeneration) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects AECTCV 16,759,1987
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 149 mg/kg (7-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects on female NNGADV 13,157,1988
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg (1-3 day pregnant) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility 		MSCREJ 23,27,1995
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg (1-3 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) 		MSCREJ 23,27,1995
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg (1-3 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth MSCREJ 23,27,1995
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg (21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system JTSCDR 19,151,1994


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
dog 		lethal concentration : >4 mg/m3/3.4 hour N/R BJIMAG 25,304,1968
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal concentration: 2,200 µg/m3/2.5 hour N/R BJIMAG 25,304,1968
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration : >2,200 µg/m3/2.5 hour N/R BJIMAG 25,304,1968
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1 mg/m3/6 hour Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair 		BJIMAG 25,304,1968
inhalation
rabbit 		lethal concentration : >2,200 µg/m3/2.5 hour N/R BJIMAG 25,304,1968
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3 mg/kg N/R BJIMAG 23,126,1966
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 20 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		JPTLAS 128,21,1979
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 19 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation 		BJIMAG 23,126,1966
intraperitoneal
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 18 mg/kg Behavioral: Excitement

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		VHTODE 21,404,1979
intraperitoneal
turkey 		lowest published lethal dose: 20 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea POSCAL 52,1625,1973
intravenous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 34,500 µg/kg Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		FAATDF 2,261,1982
intravenous
domestic animal 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1 mg/kg N/R JTCTDW 19,911,1983
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 180 mg/kg N/R CSLNX* NX#00224
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 21 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair 		TXAPA9 22,241,1972
intravenous
turkey 		lowest published lethal dose: 12,500 µg/kg Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea POSCAL 52,1625,1973
multiple
woman 		lowest published lethal dose: 12,200 µg/kg/30 day- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase 		YJBMAU 50,481,1977
ocular
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg N/R BECTA6 9,163,1973
oral
cat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 35 mg/kg N/R IYKEDH 10,520,1979
oral
child 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 µL/kg Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		VHTODE 34,164,1992
oral
chicken 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 262 mg/kg N/R BJIMAG 23,126,1966
oral
duck 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 199 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 47,451,1979
oral
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 mg/kg N/R IYKEDH 10,520,1979
oral
domestic animal 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30 mg/kg N/R 85GYAV -,104,1971
oral
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 22 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		EXMPA6 17,317,1972
oral
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 214 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		YKYUA6 30,985,1979
oral
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 1,720 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		CTOXAO 18,915,1981
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 57 µg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Gastrointestinal: Other changes 		BJCPAT 30,71,1976
oral
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 3,380 µL/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Sputum 		AJEMEN 6,509,1988
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 32 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Gastrointestinal: Other changes 		BMJOAE 3,290,1968
oral
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 43 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume decreased or anuria 		BMJOAE 2,396,1978
oral
monkey 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 50 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		EXMPA6 17,317,1972
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 120 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		GEPHDP 12,225,1981
oral
pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30 mg/kg N/R 85GYAV -,104,1971
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 57 mg/kg N/R RREVAH 10,97,1965
oral
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 69,030 µg/kg Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		AIMJA9 23,599,1972
oral
turkey 		lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea POSCAL 52,1625,1973
oral
woman 		lowest published lethal dose: 3 gm/kg Behavioral: Headache

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		FSIZAQ 27,494,1977
oral
woman 		lowest published lethal dose: 111 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		AIMDAP 146,681,1986
parenteral
frog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 260 mg/kg N/R ABHUE6 36,295,1985
parenteral
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 57 µL/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		FSINDR 49,215,1991
subcutaneous
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 3 µL/kg Autonomic Nervous System: Other (direct) parasympathomimetic

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Liver: Jaundice, other or unclassified 		BMJOAE 3,721,1967
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 37 mg/kg N/R NNGADV 13,157,1988
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 27 mg/kg N/R NNGADV 13,157,1988
skin
duck 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 600 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 47,451,1979
skin
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 80 mg/kg N/R WRPCA2 9,119,1970
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 325 mg/kg Skin: After topical application: Cutaneous sensitization (experimental) BJIMAG 23,126,1966
skin
turkey 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 375 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea POSCAL 52,1625,1973


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 400 µg/m3/6 hour/3 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression FAATDF 10,717,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,100 µg/m3/4 hour/19 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		KHZDAN 15,25,1972
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 750 µg/m3/6 hour/4 day- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		BJIMAG 25,304,1968
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 650 µg/m3/1 hour/3 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Blood: Hemorrhage 		BJIMAG 25,304,1968
intraperitoneal
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 64 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		EESADV 17,47,1989
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,276 mg/kg/13 week- continuous Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		NNGADV 13,157,1988
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 608 mg/kg/19 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Endocrine: Hypoglycemia

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		KHZDAN 12,325,1969
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,638 mg/kg/13 week- continuous Cardiac: Changes in heart weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NNGADV 13,157,1988
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 187 mg/kg/30 day- continuous Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		EESADV 7,475,1983
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 232 mg/kg/15 day- continuous Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		JTEHD6 44,29,1995
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 13,140 mg/kg/2 year- continuous Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NNGADV 13,157,1988


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FEPRA7 35,89,1976
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CNDQA8 10(3),43,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CRTXB2 1(1),93,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
DTTIAF 80,485,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FNSCA6 2,67,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
EVHPAZ 15,121,1976
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AJHPA9 35,1368,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CTOXAO 14,1,1979


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin), respirable dust CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin), respirable dust CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin), respirable dust CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 0.1 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 0.1 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.1 mg/m3, KZG- week 0.2 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM LTEL 0.1 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KORES American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 84723;
Number of Industries 2;
Total Number of Facilities 699;
Number of Occupations 3;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 873


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae gene conversion
On EPA IRIS database


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
26UZAB "Pesticides Symposia; Collection of Papers Presented at the Sixth & Seventh Inter-American Conferences on Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Miami, FL," Miami, FL, J.L. Halos, 1968-70
85GYAV "Pflanzenschutz-und Schaedlingsbekaempfungsmittel: Abriss einer Toxikologie und Therapie von Vergiftungen," 2nd ed., Klimmer, O.R., Hattingen, Fed. Rep. Ger., Hundt-Verlag, 1971
ABCHA6 Agricultural and Biological Chemistry. (Maruzen Co. Ltd., POB 5050, Tokyo International, Tokyo 100-31, Japan) V.25- 1961-
ABHUE6 Acta Biologica Hungarica. (Kultura, POB 149, H-1389 Budapest, Hungary) V.34- 1983-
AECTCV Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 070944) V.1- 1973-
AIMDAP Archives of Internal Medicine. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1908-
AIMJA9 Ain Shams Medical Journal. (Ain Shams Clinical and Scientific Soc., c/o Ain Shams Univ. Hospital, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt) V.1- 1950-
AJEMEN American Journal of Emergency Medicine. (WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA) V.1- 1983-
AJHPA9 American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. (American Soc. of Hospital Pharmacists, 4630 Montgomery Ave., Bethesda, MD 20814) V.15- 1958-
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974-
BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1966-
BJCPAT British Journal of Clinical Practice. (Medical News Group, 1 Bedford St., London WC2E 9HD, UK) V.10(10)- 1956-
BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. (British Medical Journal, Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME04046) V.1- 1944-
BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House, Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CNDQA8 Cahiers de Nutrition et de Dietetique. (Editions Meteore, 42, rue du Louvre, 75001 Paris, France) V.1- 1966-
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
CRTXB2 CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. (CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431) V.1- 1971-
CSLNX* U.S. Army Armament Research & Development Command, Chemical Systems Laboratory, NIOSH Exchange Chemicals. (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010)
CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher information, see JTCTDW.
DTTIAF Deutsche Tieraerztliche Wochenschrift. (Hanover, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-77, 1893-1970.
EESADV Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1977-
EJTXAZ European Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene. (Paris, France) V.7-9, 1974-76. For publisher information, see TOERD9.
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
EXMPA6 Experimental and Molecular Pathology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1962-
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981-
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7.
FEPRA7 Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87.
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)V.1- 1936-
FNSCA6 Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub lisher information, see FSINDR.
FSINDR Forensic Science International. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.12- 1978-
FSIZAQ Fukushima Igaku Zasshi. (c/o Fukushima-kenritsu Ika Daigaku Toshokan, 5-75 Sugizuma-cho, Fukushima, Japan) V.1- 1951-
GEPHDP General Pharmacology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523)V.6- 1975-
IJEBA6 Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. (Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR, Hillside Rd., New Delhi 110 012, India) V.1- 1963-
IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970-
JPTLAS Journal of Pathology. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10158) V.97- 1969-
JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982-
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
JTSCDR Journal of Toxicological Sciences. (Japanese Soc. of Toxicological Sciences, 4th Floor, Gakkai Center Bldg., 4-16, Yayoi 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1976-
KHZDAN Khigiena i Zdraveopazvane. Hygiene and Sanitation. (Hemus, Blvd. Russki 6, Sofia, Bulgaria) V.9- 1966-
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Used as an agricultural chemical and pesticide

RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Drug
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Primary Irritant

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